Washington, June 3: Walking enhances connections within and between three brain networks, including one associated with Alzheimer's disease, according to a new study from the University of Maryland School of Public Health, adding to the growing body of evidence that exercise benefits brain health.

The study, which was published this month in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports, looked at the brains and story recollection abilities of older adults with normal brain function and those with mild cognitive impairment, which is a slight decline in mental abilities such as memory, reasoning, and judgement and a risk factor for Alzheimer's. AI Tools Found Five Forms of Heart Failure.

"Historically, the brain networks we studied in this research show deterioration over time in people with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease," said J. Carson Smith, a kinesiology professor with the School of Public Health and principal investigator of the study. "They become disconnected, and as a result, people lose their ability to think clearly and remember things. We're demonstrating that exercise training strengthens these connections." Student's Poor Eating Habits May Lead to Lifetime of Illness: Study.

The study builds upon Smith's previous research, which showed how walking may decrease cerebral blood flow and improve brain function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Thirty-three participants, aged between 71 and 85 years old, walked while supervised on a treadmill four days a week for 12 weeks. Before and after this exercise regimen, researchers asked participants to read a short story and repeat it out loud with as many details as possible.

Participants also underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) so researchers could measure changes in communication within and between the three brain networks that control cognitive function.

Default Mode Network

Activates when a person isn't doing a specific task (think daydreaming about the grocery list) and is connected to the hippocampus, one of the first brain regions affected by Alzheimer's disease. It's also where Alzheimer's and amyloid plaques, a prime suspect for Alzheimer's disease found around nerve cells, appear in tests.

Frontoparietal Network

Regulates decisions made when a person is completing a task. It also involves memory.

Salience Network

Monitors the external world and stimuli and decides what deserves attention. It also facilitates switching between networks to optimize performance. After 12 weeks of exercise, researchers repeated the tests and saw significant improvements in participants' story recall abilities.

"The brain activity was stronger and more synchronized, demonstrating exercise actually can induce the brain's ability to change and adapt," Smith said. "These results provide even more hope that exercise may be useful as a way to prevent or help stabilize people with mild cognitive impairment and maybe, over the long term, delay their conversion to Alzheimer's dementia."

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