With heatwaves intensifying across northern, central, and eastern India and NOAA flagging a strong El Nino likely between May and July 2026, understanding the El Nino Southern Oscillation has never been more relevant for India. The phenomenon, which has been shaping global weather for thousands of years as evidenced by ancient coral skeleton records, is once again poised to disrupt monsoon patterns, agricultural output, and water availability across the country.
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